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Personal computer operating system by Microsoft released in

Screenshot of Windows 7, showing its desktop, taskbar, Start menu and the glass effect of Windows Aero
Developer	Microsoft
Source model
Released to manufacturing	July&#;22, ; 13 years ago&#;()[1]
General availability	October&#;22, ; 12 years ago&#;()[2]
Final release	Service Pack 1 () / February&#;9, ; 11 years ago&#;()[3]
Update method	Windows Update
Platforms	IA and x
Kernel type	Hybrid
Userland	Windows API, NTVDM, SUA
License	Proprietarycommercial software
Preceded by	Windows Vista ()[4]
Succeeded by	Windows 8 ()
Official website	Windows 7 (archived at Wayback Machine)
Mainstream support ended on January&#;13,&#;&#;().[5][6] Extended support ended on January&#;14,&#;&#;().[5][6] Windows 7 is eligible for the Extended Security Updates (ESU) service. This service is available via specific volume licensing programs for Professional & Enterprise editions, and via OEMs for some embedded editions, in yearly installments. Security updates are available for the operating system through at most January 10, , excluding some embedded editions.[7][8] Exceptions exist, see § Support lifecycle for details. Installing Service Pack 1 is required for users to receive updates and support after April 9, [5][6]

Windows 7 is a major release of the Windows NToperating system developed by Microsoft. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, , and became generally available on October 22, ^[9] It is the successor to Windows Vista, released nearly three years earlier. It remained an operating system for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs and media center PCs, and itself was replaced in November by Windows 8, the name spanning more than three years of the product.

Until April 9, , Windows 7 original release includes updates and technical support, after which installation of Service Pack 1 is required for users to receive support and updates. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server R2, was released at the same time. The last supported version of Windows based on this operating system was released on July 1, , entitled Windows Embedded POSReady 7.^[10][11][12] Extended support ended on January 14, , over ten years after the release of Windows 7, after which the operating system ceased receiving further support. A support program is currently available for enterprises, providing security updates for Windows 7 for up to four years since the official end of life.^[13] However, Windows Embedded POSReady 7, the last Windows 7 variant, continued to receive security updates until October

Windows 7 was intended to be an incremental upgrade to Microsoft Windows, addressing Windows Vista's poor critical reception while maintaining hardware and software compatibility. Windows 7 continued improvements on Windows Aero user interface with the addition of a redesigned taskbar that allows pinned applications, and new window management features. Other new features were added to the operating system, including libraries, the new file-sharing system HomeGroup, and support for multitouch input. A new "Action Center" was also added to provide an overview of system security and maintenance information, and tweaks were made to the User Account Control system to make it less intrusive. Windows 7 also shipped with updated versions of several stock applications, including Internet Explorer 8, Windows Media Player, and Windows Media Center.

Unlike Vista, Windows 7 received critical acclaim, with critics considering the operating system to be a major improvement over its predecessor because of its improved performance, its more intuitive interface, fewer User Account Control popups, and other improvements made across the platform. Windows 7 was a major success for Microsoft; even before its official release, pre-order sales for the operating system on the online retailer protomill.pt had surpassed previous records. In just six months, over million copies had been sold worldwide, increasing to over million licenses by July By January , Windows 10 surpassed Windows 7 as the most popular version of Windows worldwide.^[14] As of September&#;^[update], 11% of traditional PCs running Windows are running Windows 7.^[15] Windows 11 has recently taken second place from Windows 7 as the most popular Windows edition.^[16] It still remains popular in countries such as Syria, China, India, and Venezuela.^[17][18][19]

Windows 7 is the final version of Windows which supports processors without SSE2 or NX (although an update released in dropped support for non-SSE2 processors). Its successor, Windows 8, requires a processor with SSE2 and NX in any supported architecture.

Development history

Originally, a version of Windows codenamed "Blackcomb" was planned as the successor to Windows XP and Windows Server in Major features were planned for Blackcomb, including an emphasis on searching and querying data and an advanced storage system named WinFS to enable such scenarios. However, an interim, minor release, codenamed "Longhorn," was announced for , delaying the development of Blackcomb.^[20] By the middle of , however, Longhorn had acquired some of the features originally intended for Blackcomb. After three major malware outbreaks—the Blaster, Nachi, and Sobig worms—exploited flaws in Windows operating systems within a short time period in August ,^[21] Microsoft changed its development priorities, putting some of Longhorn's major development work on hold while developing new service packs for Windows XP and Windows Server Development of Longhorn (Windows Vista) was also restarted, and thus delayed, in August A number of features were cut from Longhorn.^[22] Blackcomb was renamed Vienna in early ,^[23] and was later canceled in due to the scope of the project.^[24]

When released, Windows Vista was criticized for its long development time, performance issues, spotty compatibility with existing hardware and software at launch, changes affecting the compatibility of certain PC games, and unclear assurances by Microsoft that certain computers shipping with XP before launch would be "Vista Capable" (which led to a class-action lawsuit), among other critiques. As such, the adoption of Vista in comparison to XP remained somewhat low.^[25][26][27] In July , six months following the public release of Vista, it was reported that the next version of Windows would then be codenamed Windows 7, with plans for a final release within three years.^[28][29]Bill Gates, in an interview withNewsweek, suggested that Windows 7 would be more "user-centric".^[30] Gates later said that Windows 7 would also focus on performance improvements.^[31]Steven Sinofsky later expanded on this point, explaining in the Engineering Windows 7 blog that the company was using a variety of new tracing tools to measure the performance of many areas of the operating system on an ongoing basis, to help locate inefficient code paths and to help prevent performance regressions.^[32]Senior Vice President Bill Veghte stated that Windows Vista users migrating to Windows 7 would not find the kind of device compatibility issues they encountered migrating from Windows XP.^[33] An estimated 1, developers worked on Windows 7. These were broadly divided into "core operating system" and "Windows client experience", in turn organized into 25 teams of around 40 developers on average.^[34]

In October , it was announced that Windows 7 would also be the official name of the operating system.^[35][36] There has been some confusion over naming the product Windows 7,^[37] while versioning it as to indicate its similar build to Vista and increase compatibility with applications that only check major version numbers, similar to Windows and Windows XP both having 5.x version numbers.^[38] The first external release to select Microsoft partners came in January with Milestone 1, build ^[39] Speaking about Windows 7 on October 16, , Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer confirmed compatibility between Windows Vista and Windows 7, indicating that Windows 7 would be a refined version of Windows Vista.^[40]

At PDC , Microsoft demonstrated Windows 7 with its reworked taskbar.^[41] On December 27, , the Windows 7 Beta was leaked onto the Internet via BitTorrent.^[42] According to a performance test by ZDNet,^[43] Windows 7 Beta beat both Windows XP and Vista in several key areas, including boot and shutdown time and working with files, such as loading documents. Other areas did not beat XP, including PC Pro benchmarks for typical office activities and video editing, which remain identical to Vista and slower than XP.^[44] On January 7, , the x64 version of the Windows 7 Beta (build ) was leaked onto the web, with some torrents being infected with a trojan.^[45][46] At CES , Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer announced the Windows 7 Beta, build , had been made available for download to MSDN and TechNet subscribers in the format of an ISO image.^[47] The stock wallpaper of the beta version contained a digital image of the Betta fish.^[48]

The release candidate, build , became available for MSDN and TechNet subscribers, and Connect Program participants on April 30, On May 5, , it became available to the general public, although it had also been leaked onto the Internet via BitTorrent.^[49] The release candidate was available in five languages and expired on June 1, , with shutdowns every two hours starting March 1, ^[50] Microsoft stated that Windows 7 would be released to the general public on October 22, , less than three years after the launch of its predecessor. Microsoft released Windows 7 to MSDN and Technet subscribers on August 6, ^[51] Microsoft announced that Windows 7, along with Windows Server R2, was released to manufacturing in the United States and Canada on July 22, Windows 7 RTM is build , which was compiled on July 13, , and was declared the final RTM build after passing all Microsoft's tests internally.^[52]

Features

New and changed

Main article: Features new to Windows 7

Among Windows 7's new features are advances in touch and handwriting recognition,^[53] support for virtual hard disks,^[54] improved performance on multi-core processors,^{[55][56][57][58]} improved boot performance, DirectAccess, and kernel improvements. Windows 7 adds support for systems using multiple heterogeneous graphics cards from different vendors (Heterogeneous Multi-adapter),^[59] a new version of Windows Media Center,^[60] a Gadget for Windows Media Center, improved media features, XPS Essentials Pack^[61] and Windows PowerShell^[62] being included, and a redesigned Calculator with multiline capabilities including Programmer and Statistics modes along with unit conversion for length, weight, temperature, and several others.^[63] Many new items have been added to the Control Panel, including ClearType Text Tuner^[64] Display Color Calibration Wizard,^[65]Gadgets, Recovery, Troubleshooting, Workspaces Center, Location and Other Sensors, Credential Manager, Biometric Devices, System Icons, and Display.^[66]Windows Security Center has been renamed to Windows Action Center (Windows Health Center and Windows Solution Center in earlier builds), which encompasses both security and maintenance of the computer. ReadyBoost on bit editions now supports up to &#;gigabytes of extra allocation. Windows 7 also supports images in RAW image format through the addition of Windows Imaging Component-enabled image decoders, which enables raw image thumbnails, previewing and metadata display in Windows Explorer, plus full-size viewing and slideshows in Windows Photo Viewer and Windows Media Center.^[67] Windows 7 also has a native TFTP client with the ability to transfer files to or from a TFTP server.^[68]

The default taskbar of Windows 7.

The taskbar has seen the biggest visual changes, where the old Quick Launch toolbar has been replaced with the ability to pin applications to the taskbar. Buttons for pinned applications are integrated with the task buttons. These buttons also enable Jump Lists to allow easy access to common tasks, and files frequently used with specific applications.^[69] The revamped taskbar also allows the reordering of taskbar buttons. To the far right of the system clock is a small rectangular button that serves as the Show desktop icon. By default, hovering over this button makes all visible windows transparent for a quick look at the desktop.^[70] In touch-enabled displays such as touch screens, tablet PCs, etc., this button is slightly (8 pixels) wider in order to accommodate being pressed by a finger.^[71] Clicking this button minimizes all windows, and clicking it a second time restores them.

Window management in Windows 7 has several new features: Aero Snap maximizes a window when it is dragged to the top, left, or right of the screen.^[72] Dragging windows to the left or right edges of the screen allows users to snap software windows to either side of the screen, such that the windows take up half the screen. When a user moves windows that were snapped or maximized using Snap, the system restores their previous state. Snap functions can also be triggered with keyboard shortcuts. Aero Shake hides all inactive windows when the active window's title bar is dragged back and forth rapidly.

When the Action Center flag is clicked on, it lists all security and maintenance issues in a small pop-up window.

Windows 7 includes 13 additional sound schemes, titled Afternoon, Calligraphy, Characters, Cityscape, Delta, Festival, Garden, Heritage, Landscape, Quirky, Raga, Savanna, and Sonata.^[73] Internet Spades, Internet Backgammon and Internet Checkers, which were removed from Windows Vista, were restored in Windows 7. Users are able to disable or customize many more Windows components than was possible in Windows Vista. New additions to this list of components include Internet Explorer 8, Windows Media Player 12, Windows Media Center, Windows Search, and Windows Gadget Platform.^[74] A new version of Microsoft Virtual PC, newly renamed as Windows Virtual PC was made available for Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate editions.^[75] It allows multiple Windows environments, including Windows XP Mode, to run on the same machine. Windows XP Mode runs Windows XP in a virtual machine, and displays applications within separate windows on the Windows 7 desktop.^[76] Furthermore, Windows 7 supports the mounting of a virtual hard disk (VHD) as a normal data storage, and the bootloader delivered with Windows 7 can boot the Windows system from a VHD; however, this ability is only available in the Enterprise and Ultimate editions.^[77] The Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) of Windows 7 is also enhanced to support real-time multimedia application including video playback and 3D games, thus allowing use of DirectX 10 in remote desktop environments.^[78] The three application limit, previously present in the Windows Vista and Windows XP Starter Editions, has been removed from Windows 7.^[79] All editions include some new and improved features, such as Windows Search, Security features, and some features new to Windows 7, that originated within Vista. Optional BitLocker Drive Encryption is included with Windows 7 Ultimate and Enterprise. Windows Defender is included; Microsoft Security Essentialsantivirus software is a free download. All editions include Shadow Copy, which—every day or so—System Restore uses to take an automatic "previous version" snapshot of user files that have changed.^[80]Backup and restore have also been improved,^[81][82] and the Windows Recovery Environment—installed by default—replaces the optional Recovery Console of Windows XP.^[83]

A new system known as "Libraries" was added for file management; users can aggregate files from multiple folders into a "Library." By default, libraries for categories such as Documents, Pictures, Music, and Video are created, consisting of the user's personal folder and the Public folder for each. The system is also used as part of a new home networking system known as HomeGroup; devices are added to the network with a password, and files and folders can be shared with all other devices in the HomeGroup, or with specific users. The default libraries, along with printers, are shared by default, but the personal folder is set to read-only access by other users, and the Public folder can be accessed by anyone.^[84][85]

Windows 7 includes improved globalization support through a new Extended Linguistic Services API^[86] to provide multilingual support (particularly in Ultimate and Enterprise editions). Microsoft also implemented better support for solid-state drives,^[87] including the new TRIM command, and Windows 7 is able to identify a solid-state drive uniquely. Native support for USB is not included because of delays in the finalization of the standard.^[88] At WinHEC &#;Microsoft announced that color depths of bit and bit would be supported in Windows 7 along with the wide color gamut scRGB (which for HDMI can be converted and output as xvYCC). The video modes supported in Windows 7 are bit sRGB, bit sRGB, bit sRGB, bit with extended color gamut sRGB, and bit scRGB.^[89][90]

For developers, Windows 7 includes a new networking API with support for building SOAP-based web services in native code (as opposed to .NET-based WCF web services),^[91] new features to simplify development of installation packages and shorten application install times.^[92] Windows 7, by default, generates fewer User Account Control (UAC) prompts because it allows digitally signed Windows components to gain elevated privileges without a prompt. Additionally, users can now adjust the level at which UAC operates using a sliding scale.^[93]

Removed

Main article: List of features removed in Windows 7

Certain capabilities and programs that were a part of Windows Vista are no longer present or have been changed, resulting in the removal of certain functionalities; these include the classic Start Menu user interface, some taskbar features, Windows Explorer features, Windows Media Player features, Windows Ultimate Extras, Search button, and InkBall. Four applications bundled with Windows Vista—Windows Photo Gallery, Windows Movie Maker, Windows Calendar and Windows Mail—are not included with Windows 7 and were replaced by Windows Live-branded versions as part of the Windows Live Essentials suite.^[94][95]

Editions

Main article: Windows 7 editions

Windows 7 is available in six different editions, of which the Home Premium, Professional, and Ultimate were available at retail in most countries, and as pre-loaded software on most new computers. Home Premium and Professional were aimed at home users and small businesses respectively, while Ultimate was aimed at enthusiasts. Each edition of Windows 7 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and adds additional features oriented towards their market segments; for example, Professional adds additional networking and security features such as Encrypting File System and the ability to join a domain. Ultimate contained a superset of the features from Home Premium and Professional, along with other advanced features oriented towards power users, such as BitLocker drive encryption; unlike Windows Vista, there were no "Ultimate Extras" add-ons created for Windows 7 Ultimate.^[96][97][98] Retail copies were available in "upgrade" and higher-cost "full" version licenses; "upgrade" licenses require an existing version of Windows to install, while "full" licenses can be installed on computers with no existing operating system.^[99]

The remaining three editions were not available at retail, of which two were available exclusively through OEM channels as pre-loaded software. The Starter edition is a stripped-down version of Windows 7 meant for low-cost devices such as netbooks. In comparison to Home Premium, Starter has reduced multimedia functionality, does not allow users to change their desktop wallpaper or theme, disables the "Aero Glass" theme, does not have support for multiple monitors, and can only address 2GB of RAM.^[98][]Home Basic was sold only in emerging markets, and was positioned in between Home Premium and Starter.^[96][97] The highest edition, Enterprise, is functionally similar to Ultimate, but is only sold through volume licensing via Microsoft's Software Assurance program.^[][][]

All editions aside from Starter support both IA and xarchitectures, Starter only supports bit systems.^[98] Retail copies of Windows 7 are distributed on two DVDs: one for the IA version and the other for x OEM copies include one DVD, depending on the processor architecture licensed. The installation media for consumer versions of Windows 7 are identical, the product key and corresponding license determines the edition that is installed. The Windows Anytime Upgrade service can be used to purchase an upgrade that unlocks the functionality of a higher edition, such as going from Starter to Home Premium, and Home Premium to Ultimate.^[96] Most copies of Windows 7 only contained one license; in certain markets, a "Family Pack" version of Windows 7 Home Premium was also released for a limited time, which allowed upgrades on up to three computers.^[] In certain regions, copies of Windows 7 were only sold in, and could only be activated in a designated region.^[]

Support lifecycle

Support for Windows 7 without Service Pack 1 ended on April 9, , requiring users to update in order to continue receiving updates and support after 3 years, 8 months, and 18 days.^[] Microsoft ended the sale of new retail copies of Windows 7 in October , and the sale of new OEM licenses for Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, and Ultimate ended on October 31, OEM sales of PCs with Windows 7 Professional pre-installed ended on October 31, ^[] The sale of non-Professional OEM licenses was stopped on October 31, ^[] Support for Windows Vista ended on April 11, , requiring users to upgrade in order to continue receiving updates and support.^[]

Mainstream support for Windows 7 ended on January 13, Extended support for Windows 7 ended on January 14, ^[][] In August , Microsoft announced it will be offering a 'free' extended security updates to some business users.^[][]

On September 7, , Microsoft announced a paid "Extended Security Updates" service that will offer additional updates for Windows 7 Professional and Enterprise for up to three years after the end of extended support.^[]

Variants of Windows 7 for embedded systems and thin clients have different support policies: Windows Embedded Standard 7 support ended in October Windows Thin PC and Windows Embedded POSReady 7 had support until October Windows Embedded Standard 7 and Windows Embedded POSReady 7 also get Extended Security Updates for up to three years after their end of extended support date.^[8] However, these embedded edition updates aren't able to be downloaded on non-embedded Windows 7 editions with a simple registry hack, unlike Windows XP with its embedded editions updates. Instead, a more complex method, that typically involves the utilization of a patching tool, allows the installation of pirated Extended Security Updates. This solution ended up being the only solution to allow consumer variants to continue to receive updates.^[][] The Extended Security Updates service on Windows Embedded POSReady 7 will expire on October 14, This will mark the final end of the Windows NT product line after 15 years, 2 months, and 17 days.^[8]

In March , Microsoft announced that it would display notifications to users informing users of the upcoming end of support, and direct users to a website urging them to purchase a Windows 10 upgrade or a new computer.^[]

In August , researchers reported that "all modern versions of Microsoft Windows" may be at risk for "critical" system compromise because of design flaws of hardware device drivers from multiple providers.^[] In the same month, computer experts reported that the BlueKeepsecurity vulnerability, CVE, that potentially affects older unpatched Microsoft Windows versions via the program's Remote Desktop Protocol, allowing for the possibility of remote code execution, may now include related flaws, collectively named DejaBlue, affecting newer Windows versions (i.e., Windows 7 and all recent versions) as well.^[] In addition, experts reported a Microsoftsecurity vulnerability, CVE, based on legacy code involving Microsoft CTF and ctfmon (protomill.pt), that affects all Windows versions from the older Windows XP version to the most recent Windows 10 versions; a patch to correct the flaw is currently available.^[]

In September , Microsoft announced that it would provide free security updates for Windows 7 on federally-certified voting machines through the United States elections.^[]

System requirements

Additional requirements to use certain features:^[]

Extent of hardware support

Physical memory

The maximum amount of RAM that Windows 7 supports varies depending on the product edition and on the processor architecture, as shown in the following table.^[]

Processor limits

Windows 7 Professional and up support up to 2 physical processors (CPU sockets),^[] whereas Windows 7 Starter, Home Basic, and Home Premium editions support only 1.^[] Physical processors with either multiple cores, or hyper-threading, or both, implement more than one logical processor per physical processor. The x86 editions of Windows 7 support up to 32 logical processors; x64 editions support up to (4 x 64).^[]

In January , Microsoft announced that it would no longer support Windows platforms older than Windows 10 on any future Intel-compatible processor lines, citing difficulties in reliably allowing the operating system to operate on newer hardware. Microsoft stated that effective July 17, , devices with Intel Skylake CPUs were only to receive the "most critical" updates for Windows 7 and , and only if they have been judged not to affect the reliability of Windows 7 on older hardware.^[][] For enterprise customers, Microsoft issued a list of Skylake-based devices "certified" for Windows 7 and in addition to Windows 10, to assist them in migrating to newer hardware that can eventually be upgraded to 10 once they are ready to transition. Microsoft and their hardware partners provide special testing and support for these devices on 7 and until the July date.^[]

On March 18, , in response to criticism from enterprise customers, Microsoft delayed the end of support and non-critical updates for Skylake systems to July 17, , but stated that they would also continue to receive security updates through the end of extended support.^[][] In August , citing a "strong partnership with our OEM partners and Intel", Microsoft retracted the decision and stated that it would continue to support Windows 7 and on Skylake hardware through the end of their extended support lifecycle. However, the restrictions on newer CPU microarchitectures remain in force.^[][]

In March , a Microsoft knowledge base article announced which implies that devices using Intel Kaby Lake, AMD Bristol Ridge, or AMD Ryzen, would be blocked from using Windows Update entirely.^[][] In addition, official Windows 7 device drivers are not available for the Kaby Lake and Ryzen platforms.^[][]

Security updates released since March contain bugs which affect processors that do not support SSE2 extensions, including all Pentium III processors. Microsoft initially stated that it would attempt to resolve the issue, and prevented installation of the affected patches on these systems. However, on June 15, , Microsoft retroactively modified its support documents to remove the promise that this bug would be resolved, replacing it with a statement suggesting that users obtain a newer processor. This effectively ends future patch support for Windows 7 on these systems.^[][]

Updates

Service Pack 1

Windows 7 Service Pack 1 (SP1) was announced on March 18, A beta was released on July 12, ^[][][] The final version was released to the public on February 22, ^[] At the time of release, it was not made mandatory. It was available via Windows Update, direct download, or by ordering the Windows 7 SP1 DVD.^[] The service pack is on a much smaller scale than those released for previous versions of Windows, particularly Windows Vista.^[]

Windows 7 Service Pack 1 adds support for Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX), a bit instruction set extension for processors, and improves IKEv2 by adding additional identification fields such as E-mail ID to it. In addition, it adds support for Advanced Format e as well as additional Identity Federation Services.^[][] Windows 7 Service Pack 1 also resolves a bug related to HDMI audio and another related to printing XPS documents.^[]

In Europe, the automatic nature of the protomill.pt feature was dropped in Windows 7 Service Pack 1 in February and remained absent for 14 months despite Microsoft reporting that it was still present, subsequently described by Microsoft as a "technical error." As a result, in March , the European Commission fined Microsoft €&#;million to deter companies from reneging on settlement promises.^[]

Platform Update

The Platform Update for Windows 7 SP1 and Windows Server R2 SP1 was released on February 26, ^[] after a pre-release version had been released on November 5, ^[] It is also included with Internet Explorer 10 for Windows 7.^[]

It includes enhancements to Direct2D, DirectWrite, Direct3D, Windows Imaging Component (WIC), Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform (WARP), Windows Animation Manager (WAM), XPS Document API, H Video Decoder and JPEG XR decoder.^[] However support for Direct3D is limited as the update does not include DXGI/WDDM from Windows 8, making unavailable many related APIs and significant features such as stereoscopic frame buffer, feature level 11_1 and optional features for levels 10_0, 10_1 and 11_0.^[]

Disk Cleanup update

In October , a Disk Cleanup Wizard addon was released that lets users delete outdated Windows updates on Windows 7 SP1, thus reducing the size of the WinSxS directory. This update backports some features found in Windows 8.^[]

Windows Management Framework

Windows Management Framework includes updates to Windows PowerShell , Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration (DSC), Windows Remote Management (WinRM), Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI). It was released on February 24, ^[] and was eventually superseded by Windows Management Framework ^[]

Convenience rollup

In May , Microsoft released a "Convenience rollup update for Windows 7 SP1 and Windows Server R2 SP1," which contains all patches released between the release of SP1 and April The rollup is not available via Windows Update, and must be downloaded manually. This package can also be integrated into a Windows 7 installation image.^[]

Since October , all security and reliability updates are cumulative. Downloading and installing updates that address individual problems is no longer possible, but the number of updates that must be downloaded to fully update the OS is significantly reduced.^[]

Monthly update rollups (July January )

In June , Microsoft announced that they'll be moving Windows 7 to a monthly update model beginning with updates released in September ^[] - two years after Microsoft switched the rest of their supported operating systems to that model.^[]

With the new update model, instead of updates being released as they became available, only two update packages were released on the second Tuesday of every month until Windows 7 reached its end of life - one package containing security and quality updates, and a smaller package that contained only the security updates. Users could choose which package they wanted to install each month. Later in the month, another package would be released which was a preview of the next month's security and quality update rollup.

Installing the preview rollup package released for Windows 7 on March 19, , or any later released rollup package, that makes Windows more reliable. This change was made so Microsoft could continue to service the operating system while avoiding “version-related issues”.^[]

Microsoft announced in July that the Microsoft Internet Games services on Windows XP and Windows Me would end on July 31, (and for Windows 7 on January 22, ).^[]

The last non-extended security update rollup packages were released on January 14, , the last day that Windows 7 had extended support.^[]

End of support (after January 14, )

On January 14, , Windows 7 support ended with Microsoft no longer providing security updates or fixes after that date,^[] except for subscribers of the Windows 7 Extended Security Updates (ESU), who can continue to receive Windows 7 security updates through January 10, ^[] However, there have been two updates that have been issued to non-ESU subscribers:

In a support document, Microsoft has stated that a full-screen upgrade warning notification would be displayed on Windows 7 PCs on all editions except the Enterprise edition after January 15, The notification does not appear on machines connected to Active Directory, machines in kiosk mode, or machines subscribed for Extended Security Updates.^[]

Reception

Critical reception

Windows 7 received critical acclaim, with critics noting the increased usability and functionality when compared with its predecessor, Windows Vista. CNET gave Windows 7 Home Premium a rating of out of 5 stars,^[] stating that it "is more than what Vista should have been, [and] it's where Microsoft needed to go". PC Magazine rated it a 4 out of 5 saying that Windows 7 is a "big improvement" over Windows Vista, with fewer compatibility problems, a retooled taskbar, simpler home networking and faster start-up.^[]Maximum PC gave Windows 7 a rating of 9 out of 10 and called Windows 7 a "massive leap forward" in usability and security, and praised the new Taskbar as "worth the price of admission alone."^[]PC World called Windows 7 a "worthy successor" to Windows XP and said that speed benchmarks showed Windows 7 to be slightly faster than Windows Vista.^[] PC World also named Windows 7 one of the best products of the year.^[] In its review of Windows 7, Engadget said that Microsoft had taken a "strong step forward" with Windows 7 and reported that speed is one of Windows 7's major selling points—particularly for the netbook sets.^[]Laptop Magazine gave Windows 7 a rating of 4 out of 5 stars and said that Windows 7 makes computing more intuitive, offered better overall performance including a "modest to dramatic" increase in battery life on laptop computers.^[]TechRadar gave Windows 7 a rating of 5 out of 5 stars, concluding that "it combines the security and architectural improvements of Windows Vista with better performance than XP can deliver on today's hardware. No version of Windows is ever perfect, but Windows 7 really is the best release of Windows yet."^[]USA Today^[] and The Telegraph^[] also gave Windows 7 favorable reviews.

Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal wrote, "Visually arresting," and "A pleasure."^[][] Mary Branscombe of Financial Times wrote, "A clear leap forward."^[] of Gizmodo wrote, "Windows 7 Kills Snow Leopard."^[] Don Reisinger of CNET wrote, "Delightful."^[] David Pogue of The New York Times wrote, "Faster."^[][] J. Peter Bruzzese and Richi Jennings of Computerworld wrote, "Ready."^[][]

Some Windows Vista Ultimate users have expressed concerns over Windows 7 pricing and upgrade options.^[][] Windows Vista Ultimate users wanting to upgrade from Windows Vista to Windows 7 had to either pay $^[] to upgrade to Windows 7 Ultimate or perform a clean install, which requires them to reinstall all of their programs.^[]

The changes to User Account Control on Windows 7 were criticized for being potentially insecure, as an exploit was discovered allowing untrusted software to be launched with elevated privileges by exploiting a trusted component. Peter Bright of Ars Technica argued that "the way that the Windows 7 UAC 'improvements' have been made completely exempts Microsoft's developers from having to do that work themselves. With Windows 7, it's one rule for Redmond, another one for everyone else."^[] Microsoft's Windows kernel engineer Mark Russinovich acknowledged the problem, but noted that malware can also compromise a system when users agree to a prompt.^[93][]

Sales

In July , in only eight hours, pre-orders of Windows 7 at protomill.pt surpassed the demand which Windows Vista had in its first 17&#;weeks.^[] It became the highest-grossing pre-order in Amazon's history, surpassing sales of the previous record holder, the seventh Harry Potter book.^[] After 36&#;hours, bit versions of Windows 7 Professional and Ultimate editions sold out in Japan.^[] Two weeks after its release its market share had surpassed that of Snow Leopard, released two months previously as the most recent update to Apple'sMac OS X operating system.^[][] According to Net Applications, Windows 7 reached a 4% market share in less than three weeks; in comparison, it took Windows Vista seven months to reach the same mark.^[][] As of February , Windows 7 had a market share of % according to Net Applications; in comparison, Windows XP had a market share of %.^[]

On March 4, , Microsoft announced that it had sold more than 90&#;million licenses.^[] By April 23, , more than &#;million copies were sold in six months, which made it Microsoft's fastest-selling operating system.^[][] As of June 23, , Windows 7 has sold &#;million copies which made it the fastest selling operating system in history with seven copies sold every second.^[][] Based on worldwide data taken during June from Windows Update 46% of Windows 7 PCs run the bit edition of Windows 7.^[] According to Stephen Baker of the NPD Group during April in the United States 77% of PCs sold at retail were pre-installed with the bit edition of Windows 7.^[][] As of July 22, , Windows 7 had sold &#;million copies.^[] On October 21, , Microsoft announced that more than &#;million copies of Windows 7 had been sold.^[] Three months later, on January 27, , Microsoft announced total sales of &#;million copies of Windows 7.^[] On July 12, , the sales figure was refined to over million end-user licenses and business installations.^[] As of July 9, , over &#;million licenses have been sold; this number includes licenses sold to OEMs for new PCs.^[]

Antitrust concerns

As with other Microsoft operating systems, Windows 7 was studied by United States federal regulators who oversee the company's operations following the United States v. Microsoft Corp. settlement. According to status reports filed, the three-member panel began assessing prototypes of the new operating system in February Michael Gartenberg, an analyst at Jupiter Research, said, "[Microsoft's] challenge for Windows 7 will be how can they continue to add features that consumers will want that also don't run afoul of regulators."^[]

In order to comply with European antitrust regulations, Microsoft proposed the use of a "ballot" screen containing download links to competing web browsers, thus removing the need for a version of Windows completely without Internet Explorer, as previously planned.^[] Microsoft announced that it would discard the separate version for Europe and ship the standard upgrade and full packages worldwide, in response to criticism involving Windows 7 E and concerns from manufacturers about possible consumer confusion if a version of Windows 7 with Internet Explorer were shipped later, after one without Internet Explorer.^[]

As with the previous version of Windows, an N version, which does not come with Windows Media Player, has been released in Europe, but only for sale directly from Microsoft sales websites and selected others.^[]

See also

• BlueKeep, a security vulnerability discovered in May that affected most Windows NT-based computers up to Windows 7

References

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Activation helps verify that your copy of Windows is genuine and hasn’t been used on more devices than the Microsoft Software License Terms allow.

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You must be signed in as an administrator to use this option. If you're not already an administrator, for more info, see Create a local user or administrator account in Windows. The Troubleshoot option is available only if your copy of Windows 11 isn't activated. Once you activate, the option disappears.

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To use the troubleshooter, select Start > Settings > System > Activation , and then select Troubleshoot .
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Activation helps verify that your copy of Windows is genuine and hasn’t been used on more devices than the Microsoft Software License Terms allow.

If you're unable to activate Windows 10, the Activation troubleshooter could help. To use the troubleshooter, select Start > Settings > Update & Security > Activation , and then select Troubleshoot .
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You must be signed in as an administrator to use this option. If you're not already an administrator, for more info, see Create a local user or administrator account in Windows. The Troubleshoot option is available only if your copy of Windows 10 (Version or later) isn't activated. Once you activate, the option disappears.

The following are some problems that the troubleshooter might fix. If you receive an error code and none of the steps below help, see Get help with Windows activation errors. 

For more info about activation, see Activate Windows. For help with your product key, see Find your Windows product key. If the troubleshooter is unable to fix your issue, contact support.

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